The Financial Management of Catastrophic Flood Risks in Emerging-Economy Countries

This article examines the potential of pre- and post-disaster instruments for funding disaster response and recovery and for creating incentives for flood loss mitigation in countries with emerging or transition economies. As a concrete case, we discuss the disaster recovery arrangements following the 1997 flood disaster in Poland. We examine the advantages and limitations of hedging instruments, which are instruments for transferring the risk to investors either through insurance or capital market-based securities. We compare these mechanisms with financing instruments whereby the government sets aside funds prior to a disaster or taps its own funding sources after the event occurs. We show how hedging instruments can be designed to create incentives for the mitigation of damage to public infrastructure using the flood proofing of a water-treatment plant on the hypothetical Topping River as an illustrative example. We conclude that hedging instruments can be an attractive alternative to financing instruments that have been traditionally used in the poorer, emerging-economy countries to fund disaster recovery. Since very poor countries are likely to have difficulty paying the price of protection prior to a disaster, we suggest that international lending institutions consider innovations for subsidizing these payments.     

Volterra乘子的存在性

本文给出Volterra乘子存在的必要条件,两个充分条件及相应的存在区域.     

边际消费倾向对财政政策效果的影响

边际消费倾向是影响财政政策效果大小的因素之一 ,分析边际消费倾向的提高究竟在什么情况下使财政政策的效果大或小 ,指出在利率不变、预期利润率提高和投资对利率不敏感的条件下 ,边际消费倾向的提高使财政政策的效果大 ,在利率提高、预期利润率降低和投资对利率的敏感度很大时 ,边际消费倾向的提高使财政政策的效果小。     

关于许霆案的刑法分析

许霆利用银行自动柜员机出现故障的机会大肆超额取出现金的行为,不构成侵占罪,也不构成信用卡诈骗罪,而是构成盗窃罪。许霆在主观上具有非法占有的目的,在客观上实施了以平和方法将银行占有的资金转移为自己占有的行为。许霆的行为属于“盗窃金融机构,数额特别巨大的”情形。但由于银行方面的过错所产生的巨大金钱诱惑,期待许霆选择不超额提款的可能性降低。因此,许霆的主观恶性程度较一般盗窃行为更低。应根据刑法第63 条第2 款的规定,对许霆减轻处罚。     

载波相位辅助消除伪码多径误差的算法研究(英文)

随着差分技术的发展,影响卫星导航接收机定位精度的典型误差源大多被消除,而多路径效应仍然是造成接收机定位误差的主要因素。该文分析了多路径效应对伪码测量量和载波相位测量量的影响。利用载波多路径误差源小于伪码多路径误差的性质,提出了一种针对伪码接收机的低复杂度的载波辅助伪码抗多径算法,并对算法进行了深入讨论和分析。该算法将接收机伪码测量量中的多路径误差由数十米减小到亚米级,大大提高了伪码接收机的定位精度。系统仿真证明了该算法的正确性。     

企业跨国经营面临的政治风险及其防范

政治风险是企业跨国经营和海外投资必须考虑的一个重要风险问题。通过对当前企业跨国经营面临的政治风险及其表现形式的分析,并提出了政治风险的防范策略,具体包括对外直接投资前的预防性策略、经营过程中的分散性策略以及风险发生后的缓解性策略,以避免或减轻企业跨国经营过程中政治风险所带来的不利影响。     

空间动态面板模型的时间滞后效应检验

空间面板数据模型由于考虑了经济变量间的空间相关性,其优势日益凸显,已成为计量经济学的热点研究领域。将空间相关性与动态模式同时扩展到面板模型中的空间动态面板模型,不仅考虑了经济变量之间的空间相关性,还考虑了时间上的滞后性,是空间面板模型的发展,增强了模型的解释力。考虑一种带固定个体效应、因变量的时间滞后项、因变量与随机误差项均存在空间自相关性的空间动态面板回归模型,提出了在个体数n和时间数T都很大,且T相对地大于n的条件下空间动态面板模型中时间滞后效应存在性的LM和LR检验方法,其检验方法包括联合检验、一维及二维的边际和条件检验;推导出这些检验在零假设下的极限分布;其极限分布均服从卡方分布。通过模拟试验研究检验统计量的小样本性质,结果显示其具有优良的统计性质。     

Supply risk mitigation: a multi-theoretical perspective

Due to the increasing level of supply risk, it is imperative to obtain a better understanding of the nature of risk which is a premise to developing well-grounded risk mitigation strategies. This paper examines how to mitigate supply risk enlightened by discussing the concept of risk in association of three closely related concepts which are uncertainty, variability and trust. The proposed three perspectives are supported and explained using four case studies comprising of two manufacturers based in Australia and four suppliers based in China. The study provides evidence that supply risk can be mitigated by high level of information and knowledge sharing as well as building trust, commitment and goal congruence in a buyer–supplier relationship. It offers theoretical and managerial implications.     

彩色电视机自动本振频率微调电路

首先通过AFT方框图介绍本振频率微调的信号流程 ,然后结合TA76 0 7AP内部的AFT电路分析自动本振频率微调的工作原理